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Isinqumo Sokugcina Sikhishiwe! I-Brazil Iphinda Igalela Ngezithiyo Zohwebo

2025-12-10

Ngomhla zi-2 kuZibandlela 2025, Ikomidi Eliphethe Lokuphatha le-Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber (GECEX) likhiphe Isinqumo No. 819 sika-2025, futhi elisebenzisa "isando esinzima" sezivimbio zokuhweba ngokumelene nemboni yamathayi ezithuthuthu yase-China. Lesi sinqumo senza isinqumo sokugcina esiqinisekisayo ekubuyekezweni kwesibili kokulwa nokulahla ukushona kwelanga emathayini ezithuthuthu ezivela e-China, Thailand, naseVietnam, sanquma ukuqhubeka nokubeka imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla eminye iminyaka emi-5. Phakathi kwazo, izinga lentela emikhiqizweni yaseShayina liphezulu njengo-$2.18 ngekhilogremu, okufanayo naleyo emikhiqizweni yaseVietnam, kuyilapho izinga lemikhiqizo yaseThailand limi ku-$1.10 ngekhilogremu. Isinqumo siqale ukusebenza ngosuku lokukhishwa futhi sifaka imikhiqizo engaphansi kwekhodi yentela ye-Mercosur 4011.40.00.

Lokhu kuphawula unyaka we-13 lapho iBrazil ibeka izinyathelo zokulwa nokulahlwa kwamasondo ezithuthuthu zaseChina. Ilandelela emuva kumsuka walokhu kungqubuzana kwezohwebo, ngo-June 25, 2012, i-Brazil yethula uphenyo lwayo lokuqala lokulwa nokulahlwa kwamasondo ezithuthuthu ezivela ezweni lase-China, esifundeni sase-Taiwan e-China, Thailand, nase-Vietnam. NgoZibandlela wezi-2013, iBrazil yenza isinqumo sokugcina esiqinisekisayo, yabeka imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahlwa esukela ku-$2.21 ukuya ku-$7.40 ngekhilogremu emikhiqizweni yasezweni laseChina, futhi yanqamula uphenyo esifundeni sase-Taiwan e-China. Kamuva, kulandela ukubuyekezwa kokuqala kokushona kwelanga ngo-2018 kanye nesinqumo sokuqinisekisa ngo-2019, amathayi ezithuthuthu zaseShayina athweswe umthwalo womsebenzi ongu-$2.18 ngekhilogremu emakethe yaseBrazil. NgoDisemba 2024, ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Brazilian Tyre Industry Association, i-Brazil yaqala ukubuyekezwa kwesibili kokushona kwelanga, okuholele kulesi sinqumo.

Imakethe YaseBrazil: Ukuhlalisana Kwesidingo Esiphezulu Nezivimbio Eziphakeme

Njengemakethe ebalulekile yezithuthuthu namathayi eNingizimu Melika, iBrazil inesizinda esikhulu sabathengi. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezithuthuthu zase-Brazil kufinyelele cishe kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-1.5 ngo-2023, kanti izimoto zezithuthuthu ezisebenza emsebenzini ezingaphezu kwamayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-30, okudala isidingo esizinzile nesinamandla sokushintshwa kwamasondo. Ngenxa yobuhle bawo bokusebenza kwezindleko, amathayi ezithuthuthu zaseShayina ake abalelwa ku-80% wemakethe yamasondo ethengwa kwamanye amazwe yaseBrazil, kanti iBrazil nayo yaba imakethe enkulu yokuthekelisa yamathayi ezithuthuthu zamaShayina (ikakhulukazi amashubhu angaphakathi).

Kodwa-ke, izimfuno zokuvikela zemboni yasendaweni ziholele iBrazil ukuthi ijwayele ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulwa nokulahla. I-Brazilian Tyre Industry Association igcizelele kaningi ukuthi imikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe idale umonakalo embonini yayo yasekhaya. Ukuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi emelene nokulahlwa kwempahla kulokhu kuwukuqhutshekwa kwalezo zinqubomgomo zokuvikela.

Ama-Chinese Tyre Enterprises: Izindleko Ezikhuphukayo kanye Nokwabelana Kwemakethe Okucindezelwe

Umsebenzi wokulwa nokulahla u-$2.18 ngekhilogremu ngokungangabazeki uwumthwalo osindayo kwabathumeli bamathayi bezithuthuthu baseShayina kwamanye amazwe. Ngokusekelwe enanini elijwayelekile lokuthekelisa lamathayi angaphandle ezithuthuthu zaseShayina cishe ama- $2.66 ngekhilogremu ngo-2024, umsebenzi wokulwa nokulahla ubala ngaphezu kuka-80% yenani lokuthumela ngaphandle. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezinye izintela, ukuhlelwa kwempahla, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza, inzuzo yentengo yoqobo yase-China emathayini izoguguleka ngokuphelele, futhi isabelo semakethe engxenyeni emaphakathi kuya kwephansi izobhekana nengozi enkulu yokulahlekelwa.

Kubakhiqizi bamathayi abahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele njenge-Giti Tire, i-Linglong Tire, i-Zhongce Rubber, ne-Triangle Tire, nakuba lo msebenzi wokulwa nokulahlwa kwamasondo ezithuthuthu ungaqondisiwe ngokuqondile emikhiqizweni yawo yamasondo ezimoto (i-Brazil ngaphambilini ibike yabeka imisebenzi emelene nokulahlwa kwamasondo ezimoto ezithile), ukuwohloka kwendawo yonke yohwebo kuye kwanda ngokungangabazeki emakethe yase-Latin American.

Isinqumo Sokugcina Sikhishiwe! I-Brazil Iphinda Igalela Ngezithiyo Zohwebo 1

Izindlela Zokuphumelela: Ukuhlukahluka, Ukuthuthukiswa Okuphezulu kanye Nokwenziwa Kwasendaweni

Ebhekene nemingcele eqhubekayo yentela ephezulu yase-Brazil, amabhizinisi amathayi aseShayina adinga ukulungisa amasu awo ngokushesha ukuze afune indlela yokuphuma:

Ukusabela Okusebenzayo Ezinkantolo Zokuphathwa Okufanelekile : Khuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi abambe iqhaza ngokukhuthele ophenyweni olumelene nokulahlwa, alwele ukukhokha izilinganiso zentela ngayinye, futhi ehlise wonke umthwalo wentela.
Ukuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo Ukuze Kunyuswe Uchungechunge Lwenani : Khulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D, ushintshele kumathayi aluhlaza, ahlakaniphile, nasebenza kahle kakhulu, usuke emqhudelwaneni wamanani uye emqhudelwaneni wezobuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo, futhi uthuthukise inani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo.
Ukwehlukahlukana Kwezimakethe Ukuze Kuhlakaze Izingozi : Yehlisa ukuthembela emakethe eyodwa futhi uhlole ngenkuthalo amanye amazwe ase-Latin America nezimakethe ngohlelo lwe-"Belt and Road". Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2024, ingxenye yokuthunyelwa kweChina kwamathayi angaphandle ezithuthuthu afanelekile ezimakethe ezingezona ezaseLatin America isifinyelele ku-88%, ibeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuhlukahluka kwezimakethe.
Ukusungulwa Kwefekthri Yaphesheya Ukuze Kuvinjwe Izithiyo Zohwebo : Funda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamabhizinisi ahamba phambili, qaphela ukukhiqizwa kwendawo ngokutshalwa kwezimali phesheya nokwakhiwa kwefekthri, dlula imigoqo yentela, futhi usondele ezimakethe eziqondiwe.

Isexwayiso Semboni: Ukungezwani Kwezohwebo Sekujwayelekile; Ukuthuthukisa Ukuncintisana Okubalulekile Kuyisihluthulelo

Ukuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi emelene nokulahlwa kwamasondo ezithuthuthu zaseShayina yiBrazil kuphinde kugqamise ubunjalo besikhathi eside nobunkimbinkimbi bokungezwani kwezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoba ihlangabezane nokungqubuzana okuningi kwezohwebo, imboni yamasondo yaseChina iqongelele ulwazi oluthile lokuphendula. Umnyango Wezohwebo kanye nezikhungo ezifanele ziphakamisa nokuthi amabhizinisi aqaphe eduze ukuguquguquka kwenqubomgomo, athole usizo ngezinkundla eziningi, aqinise ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi akhuthaze ukukhululeka kwezohwebo.

Esikhathini esizayo, kuphela ngokuqinisa amakhono angaphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana okuwumongo, kanye nokusheshisa uguquko ukusuka "kubukhulu ngobuningi" ukuya "kuqinile ngekhwalithi" ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo, kanye nokuhlelwa komhlaba wonke amabhizinisi amathayi aseShayina angakwazi ukuhlala engenakunqotshwa endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe. Nakuba izithiyo zohwebo ziletha ubuhlungu obukhulayo, ziphinde ziphoqelele imboni yamasondo yaseChina ukuthi isheshise ukuguqulwa kwayo. Njengabalingani ababalulekile bezohwebo, i-China ne-Brazil kufanele ixazulule ngokufanele ukungezwani ngezingxoxo nokubonisana, ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo olunokulinganisela, futhi kuzuzwe inzuzo efanayo kanye nemiphumela ephumelelayo. Kulo mdlalo we-chess womhlaba wonke, ukubheka ngeso elibukhali inqubomgomo "izibikezelo zesimo sezulu" nokusebenzisa imithetho ngenkuthalo ukuvikela amalungelo nezintshisakalo kuzoba yinkambo eyimpoqo kumabhizinisi aseShayina ukuthi abhekane nezinselele.

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